U.S. trade policy

[Nilakantha Agni]

U.S. trade policy

In trade policy pushed the U.S., the world also left its mark. This was adopted in Havana in 1947 GATT Agreement on free trade as a guiding principle for the world economy. It was agreed rules that enabled the explosive growth of world trade and globalization only. Globalization under U.S. supervision.
Because of the major countries control only sat down together to negotiate each of the nations which are denied at least 10% of world trade in a specific category. The decided by those countries targets should be applied to all GATT members. The U.S. was thereby given its economic strength in all negotiations. The main suppliers control contributed significantly to the success of the GATT. However, the legitimate interests of developing countries were largely ignored.
In 1995, the GATT in the WTO has risen. Meanwhile, there are 149 countries that trade.In on further opening of the world economy of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations that led to the creation of the WTO to put the U.S. has a very one-sided and short-sighted for their own interests.
While the U.S. press for opening of global agricultural markets, but they also protect producers (their own?). As cotton. In this sector, the U.S. twice higher production costs than other countries, but the cultivation still supported. The resulting overproduction suppressed world prices. Mali had it into a loss of earnings about 43 million dollars. At the same time the country got only 37 million U.S. dollars aid! Of course, at an interest rate while giving off resources as collateral.
The United States also pressed for further liberalization of services and direct investment. Thus gradually the areas that were determined nationally by 1995, fall under the dictates of the global market. On closer inspection, these are all sectors where the U.S. economy are very competitive. All calculus.
In the Uruguay Round, the U.S. continued for a maximum of legal protection for a patent. How much can the U.S. trade policy at the mercy of ruthless corporate interests shown by the case of William R. Tinker. Among other things, American Ambassador in Berlin until 2003 was the millionaire entrepreneur and CEO of The Timken Company. The Timken Company is a manufacturer of ball bearings. These are sealed off by U.S. protective tariffs, so as to compete against the leading German and Japanese can pay the duties, the German and Japanese manufacturers because of the apparent dumping prices go in large part to the Timken Company. In 2004, the $ 52,700,000 in 2003 even $ 92,700,000. Incidentally, this was five times what receives the next largest U.S. producer of ball bearings. The German Schaeffler Group, Herzogenaurach from, for example, by paying more than $ 35 million, mainly due to the Timken Company. Through this German cash injection, the U.S. Americans are now offering their products at competitive prices on the world market. Currently, the Schaeffler Group is fighting for economic survival.
In recent years, the monetary and economic policy among the major economies has been diligent "coordinated". For this there are, inter alia, the G7 and G8 meetings and the annual meeting of IMF and World Bank in Washington.
Still be over 66% of all currency reserves held in dollars in the world, only 25% in euros, 4% in yen and 3% in pounds sterling. The high dollar rate still reflects the dominant political position of the United States again. Over 70% of U.S. government bonds and dollar reserves are now held by foreign investors, mostly banks of notes. The European countries holding dollars to prop up the U.S. .. because dependency is at play or even fear? Probably both ...
Even the fiction of the world currency is maintained dollars. Europe supports him out of political and economic calculus. Russia and some Arab countries are increasingly in Euros. If Europe and Asia throw their dollar reserves on the market would be a collapse of the still-world currency to avoid. America would have then been sorted out with one blow of a large part of its foreign debt.
The U.S. coated in services to huge, just for profit. The real actors, it does not matter whether jobs will stay in the country or not. What matters is profit. With the help of modern technology can be improved much violence. India has become the center of the service sector. U.S. tax returns are completed more often by Indian accountants. In 2003 25.000 U.S. tax returns were processed in India, in 2004 it was 100,000, 2005 ca.400.000. The accounting office in the U.S. is only facade, the engine is running in India. About 250,000 Indians work in highly modern and efficient call centers. They advise people in industrialized nations in insured losses, in tracking down lost luggage, give advice when repairing or selling the PC-phone or credit card contracts. They are young, incredibly motivated and well trained. Most of these employees have a collage degree and had to overcome a tough competition. Here in Egypt it is for example Vodafone Cairo who have transferred the call center from Germany to Cairo, Egypt, and here with very good German language skills, looking to offer the service in Germany can be. Customers in Germany have no idea that they speak to someone at Vodafone, the grade is now in Egypt sitting on the phone and receives the call.
Hardly a sector and a country are secure of the brutal competition and are a puppet show of a few investors.
For the Western nations, this means that erode the incomes of the industrialized countries and relatively and absolutely. A deflationary pressures on these countries. Existing debt is growing by deflation and do not take off like an inflation. And the debtors are western industrial nations and their populations, each individual. You will overcome deflation hardly without serious damage ...



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